Informatics Publishing Limited

Sunayana Mali ¹, Audumbar Mali ², Manojkumar Patil ², Ritesh Bathe ², Dipak Bathe ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola - 413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola - 413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
3 Internal Medicine SAIL Hospital, Durgapur - 713216, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

COVID-19 is currently regarded as a lethal disease. COVID-19 has exaggerated over 2.5 million citizen’s universal, consequential into more than 170,000 confirmed cases deaths Very recently a novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified because of causal cause of an outbreak of viral pneumonia centered around Wuhan, Hubei, China in Dec 2019, now called as COVID-19. The corona disease infection 2019 (Covid-19) (2019- nCoV) pandemic is an international public health emergency with major social and economic disruptions and devastating health consequences. COVID-19 is also known as a pandemic. COVID-19 has infected over 2.5 million people around the world, resulting in over 170,000 deaths. The rapid development of vaccines is imperative. Corona viruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. It triggers breathing zones that can vary from moderate to fatal in humans and birds more than a few issues to ordinary frosty (so as to can also be affected via different pathogens, mostly rhinoviruses) are mild, while more deadly strains be able to reason SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 in humans. Thousands of illnesses and deaths have occurred as a result of the disease. In fact, none exact cure remains available for the disorder yet this demands that even the condition should not expand. Notable Isolation of sick people, adequate ventilation, hand washing, and the utilization of PPE Kit are also preventive measures. As a result, this paper covers all aspects of COVID-19, including epidemiology, transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 

Keywords

Covid-19, SARS, Pandemic, MERS, Corona Virus, Viral Pneumonia

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Manojkumar Patil ¹, Audumbar Mali ¹, Sunayana Mali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The main purpose of this research work was to design and process optimization of oral floating drug delivery system of Clarithromycin floating tablets by using the hydrophilic polymer Hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose and gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. A 32 randomized full factorial design was used to study. In this design 2 factors were evaluated, each at 3 levels and experimental trials were performed at all 9 possible combinations. The independent and dependent variables are selected for optimization study. The radio-labelled floating tablets were prepared by adding barium sulphate in the optimized formulations for in- vivo radiographic study. The Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that both factors X1 and X2 significantly affected on the dependent parameters. The formulation was optimized on the basis of floating ability and in-vitro drug release. It should be concluded that as the time increases, the swelling index was increased, because weight gain by tablet was increased proportionally with rate of hydration. In-vivo radiographic studies of the optimized formulations were performed using New Zeal Albino rabbits by X-ray imaging technique. The in-vivo X-ray imaging and radiographic studies clearly indicated that the prepared optimized floating tablets were retained in the rabbit stomach over a prolonged period of time and had good in-vivo performance. Radiological evidences suggest that the formulated floating tablets of antibiotics were well floated more than 6 h in rabbit stomach.

Keywords

In-vivo Radiographic Studies, In-vivo Performance, New Zeal Albino Rabbits, Clarithromycin Floating Tablets

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Shubhangi Kodag ¹, Swaranjali Gaikwad ¹, Sunayana Mali ², Audumbar Mali ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola - 413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola - 413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Mini Tablets are solid dosage forms with a diameter <= 3 mm and separated into subunits of conventional tablets. Production methods are similar to standard tablets, but the only difference is the use of multiple punches. They have advantageous for use in patients suffering from swallowing difficulty and receiving multiple drug treatment. They provide a more effective treatment by reducing the fluctuation in the drug’s release profile. At the same time, different release systems can be used together. In addition, Mini Tablets have a number of advantages over single unit dosage forms, and in recent years the prominence continues to increase. In the light of this information, the advantages and disadvantages of mini tablets, production equipment, formulation designs, different emission characteristics and evaluation criteria are emphasized in this compilation. Mini tablets represent a new trend in solid dosage form design, with the main goal of overcoming some therapeutic obstacles. Mini tablets are multiple unit dosage forms and are advantageous than pellets or any other oral dosage forms as they are easy to manufacture and stability problems are less.

Keywords

Mini Tablets, Solid Dosage Form, Oral Drug Delivery, Sustained Release

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Sunayana Mali ¹, Reenu Yadav ¹, Vinod Gauttam ¹, Jyotiram Sawale ¹

Affiliations
1 IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal - 462044, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Taxonomy is a discipline of study that deals with the identification, naming, and categorization of plants. The word taxonomy is derived from the Greek words taxis, which means arrangement, and nomos, which means law. The Convention on Biological Diversity's administration and implementation is supported by the taxonomy's identification and enumeration of its constituent parts. Chemotaxonomy, also known as chemosystematics, is the endeavour to categorise and identify organisms (initially plants) based on biochemical compositional differences and similarities. About 10-25% species of the total over 400,000 species present on the planet Earth are used for human welfare. Plants and their habitats are destroyed for human benefit, and thus, valuable diversity is lost without understanding the utility. The classification and identification of organisms based on verifiable differences and similarities in their biochemical compositions are known as chemotaxonomy, sometimes known as chemosystematics. There are several methods for taxonomizing organisms. Chemotaxonomy-based plant selection is a prerequisite for successful natural product research. The rise of chemotaxonomy is mainly due to the advancement in analytical techniques for chemical analysis that can detect even trace amounts of chemical compounds. The current methodology, particularly for plants, is chemotaxonomy. In a nutshell, the biochemical makeup of plants and animals is used to classify them biologically based on similarities and differences. In this brief overview, problems associated with biodiversity and the use of modern tools to resolve these issues are discussed. In this review, the various plant drugs are discussed related to their various morphology, phytogeography, chemotaxonomy and taxonomy.

Keywords

Chemotaxonomy, Crude Drug, Morphology, Plant Drug, Phytogeography, Taxonomy.

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